Discuss the Theories Developed by Sutherland, Merton, and others to Essay

Discuss the Theories Developed by Sutherland, Merton, and others to Compare and Contrast Them - Essay Example He got pleasure in his frequent brushes with the law and developed the reputation of being an uncontrolled money maker. He eventually mastered the activities of murder and vehicle hijacking and even succeeded in plundering the Kennedy Airport in 1960. It appeared that Gotti was walking away free from prosecutions with the same speed as the charges that were being levied against him. The prosecution could not succeed in getting him convicted on repeated occasions, which gave him the status of being untouchable by the law enforcement agencies. Obviously, he got a lot of media attention that made him further famous and he began riding high in the world of crime. Gotti was quite different from other gangsters of the period such as Vito Genovese and Gambino who remained away from publicity. John Gotti got immense pleasure in coming into limelight and media glare. It is said that his love for publicity and the media were responsible for his eventual conviction following Gravano’s st atement against him in court (Raab, 2006). Gotti attracted a great deal of police and media attention and was quick to adopt violent ways to keep up with his commanding position in the crime world. After his gambling debts began to increase he could never recover from financial hardship and pressurized his men to get more money in spite of the ban that was imposed on drugs (Capeci and Mustain, 1996). Gotti got lot of publicity because of the alliances he made with Nicky Scarfo of Philadelphia and the operations that he initiated against the Genovese family of New Jersey. Gotti received considerable publicity when the FBI foiled a plot by the Genovese family to kill him. John Gotti was amongst the few gangsters whose biography was a bestseller and who appeared on the cover of Time issue dated 29 September, 1986. A number of biographical movies were made on him, such as Gotti, Mugshots: John Gotti: Mafia Assassin, Biography:John Gotti: A Mafia Story, Mobsters:John Gotti and Crime Stor ies: John Gotti. He was portrayed in TV programs titled Gotti (1996), The Big Heist (2001), Getting Gotti (1994), Boss of Bosses (2001) and Witness to the Mob (1998). There are several aspects of criminological theories that deal with issues such as criminal justice, political science, sociology and psychology. It is correct to say that integrating all these aspects provides a viable means of analyzing crimes and criminal behaviors. Burgess and Akers attempted to explain crime and criminal behavior by identifying learning processes and including elements such as reinforcement, stimuli, conditioning and behavior in their theories. The main elements of Akers Social Learning theory refer to the processes through which people rationalize, evaluate and infer things in terms of right and wrong. For instance, a young man of 20 years may recognize that the law should be obeyed, he may not adhere to the law that people below 21 should not have alcoholic drinks. Sutherland developed the theor y of differential association that dealt with crime and delinquency. His social learning theory holds that criminal behaviors result because of interactions with people with inappropriate behaviors. Merton’s adaptation of the Anomie theory relates to American society in terms of the outcomes emanating from individuals’

Usefulness of theory of kolcaba Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Usefulness of theory of kolcaba - Research Paper Example All these activities of nurses contribute to comfort of the patient that greatly enhances the healing process. The relationship between nursing care and comfort dates back to the early 1900s with the central focus on moral imperative. By 1903s, specialists in the nursing field perceived comfort as a strategy for attaining aspects of nursing care. By 1960s, comfort was a minor goal in nursing care, as physical aspects were dominant while emotional comfort was gaining importance. In 1990, Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory was fully dominant, with emphasis on childbirth pain, pain management, and palliative care and end of life (Kolcaba, 2003). Conditions in the nursing care sector such as loss and suffering of patients with complex medical care, pain scores of 10/10 even with increase in medication, and personal frustration and inability to change the situation contributed to the adoption of comfort as the foundation of nursing care. Comfort is relative. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory seeks to address human needs, including transcendence, relief, and ease. It takes an individualized (holistic) approach to enhance the feelings of wellbeing and a sense of strength. Moreover, it provides a conceptual framework for nursing care (Kolcaba, 2003). The physical concept relates to homeostasis and bodily sensation, including regular bowel function, pain relief, adequate oxygen saturation, electrolytes and fluid balance, and positioning and turning. The socio-cultural concept concerns societal, interpersonal, and family relationships, rituals, and family traditions. These include cultural customs, continuity of care, caring attitude, education and information, and enhancing friend and family support. Psycho-spiritual concept revolves around the internal awareness of the meaning of one’s life, self-esteem, and sexuality, including improving and maintaining self-esteem, increasing relaxation, enhancing independence, and